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Type:
Educational Exhibit
Keywords:
Normal variants, Ultrasound, MR, CT, Abdomen, Neoplasia, Cysts
Authors:
Y. Onishi, T. Koyama, A. Okumura, Y. Amoh, T. Fujiwara, K. Nakatani, S. Nakashita; Kurashiki, Okayama/JP
DOI:
10.1594/ecr2015/C-1914
Background
The contents of this exhibit
Ⅰ. Introduction
Ⅱ.
Ectpic tissue in the abdomen
1. Ectopic pancreas
2. Accessory spleen / Wandering spleen / Splenosis / Polysplenia
3. Ectopic gallbladder
4. Ectopic liver / accessory lobe of the liver
5. Ectopic kidney / supernumerary kidney
6. Ectopic adrenal tissue
7. Cryptorchidism
8. Ectopic ovary
9. Ectopic prostate tissue
10. Ectopic uterus
11. Accessory breast tissue
Ⅲ.
Summary of the diagnostic procedures
Ⅳ.
Conclusion
Ⅰ.
Introduction
Ectopic and/or accessory tissue of the abdominal organs is usually asymptomatic and an incidental finding of imaging studies.
However,
ectopic tissue occasionally causes acute abdomen due to inflammation or torsion.
Acute pancreatitis of ectopic pancreas and torsion of an accessory spleen and wandering spleen are common among them.
Rarely,
ectopic tissue is complicated by the development of neoplasms.
Secondary malignancy may arise from ectopic pancreas,
ectopic liver,
and undescended testis.
The clinical settings associated with ectopic/accessory tissue are summarized on Table.
The diagnosis of ectopic tissue depends on imaging studies,
which allow the comparison of imaging appearances in ectopic tissue and normal organs.
However,
without the recognition of ectopic tissues,
accurate diagnosis of these conditions is difficult.
Therefore,
the detailed knowledge of a variety of ectopic tissues is crucial for determining the appropriate management of the patients.
The purpose of this exhibit is to review characteristic imaging features of various ectopic/accessory tissues,
emphasizing the pathognomonic findings and clinical management of each condition.
TABLE
|
Acute clinical complications |
Associated secondary tumors |
Ectopic pancreas
|
Pancreatitis |
Adenocarcinoma
|
Accessory / wandering spleen |
Tosrion |
Epidermoid in intrapancreatic accessory spleen |
Ectopic gallbladder |
Torsion |
|
Ectopic liver |
|
Hepatocellular carcinoma |
Ectopic kidney |
Hydronephrosis
Calculi
|
|
Ectopic adrenal tissue |
|
Adrenal rest tumor |
Cryptorchidism |
|
Germ cell tumor |
Rudimentary horn of the unicornuate uterus |
Ectopic pregnancy
|
|
Accessory breast tissue |
Milk production in
post-partum
|
|