Learning objectives
Learning objectives :
1.
To know the definition and the area where the reticular formation is present in the brain because it is diffused area occupying the brain.
2.
T o know the group of nuclei,
functions,
afferents and efferents because the RF is
almost have connections with various part of the brain.
3.
To know the nuclei group of the RF involved in various neurological and psychiatric disorders
Reticular formation is defined as diffuse as diffuse ill-defined mass of intermingled neurons & nerve fibres...
Background
Efferent connections :
Autonomic & locomotor control centres of brainstem & spinal cord
Cranial nerve nuclei- dorsal nucleus of vagus
Cerebral cortex indirectly through diencephalic nuclei
Red nucleus,
substantia nigra, tectum of midbrain
Functional Divisions of Reticular activating system:
1.Ascending reticular activating system(ARAS)commonly termed as reticular activating system (RAS).It is believed to be responsible for maintaining a state of alertness & consciousness
2.
Descending reticular system(DRS) consists of descending pathways to brainstem,lateral & anterior horn cells in the spinal cord.
Functions of Reticular formation
·...
Findings and procedure details
Cigarette smoking : During pregnancy cigarette smoking produce lasting arousal,
attentional and cognitive deficits in humans.
The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN),
as the cholinergic arm of the reticular activating system (RAS),
is known to modulate arousal,
waking and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.
Prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke induces marked changes in cells in the cholinergic arm of the RAS,
making them more excitable.
Preterm birth induces persistent deleterious effects on arousal and sleep wake cycle and cortical mechanisms throughout development
In the pontine tegmentum, there...
Conclusion
Many hypothesis were given about the involvement of RF in various neurological and psychiatric disorders.
This educational exhibit is to propose the various possibilities of involvement of the nuclei group of RF in disorders because it’s a complex and diffused area in brain.The specificity of RF improvise the differential diagnosis and clear knowledge about it is very important.
References
Principles of Neurology 6th Edition by Raymond D.Adams,Maurice Victor,Allan H.Ropper.
Chp 3:26-30.
Bradley's Neurology in Clinical Practice 6th Edition by Robert B.Daroff,Gerald M.
Fenichel,Joseph Jankovic,John Mazziotta.Chp 28:328-336.
Harrison's Principle of Internal Medicine 18th Edition by Longo,Fauci,Kasper,Hauser,Jameson,Loscalzo.
Chp 22:181-185.
Gray's Anatomy for Students ,
3rd Edition by Richard L.
Drake,
A.
Wayne Vogl,
and Adam W.M.
Mitchell.
Textbook of Human Neuroanatomy by Inderbir Singh 9th Edition.
Textbook of Clinical Neuroanatomy by Vishram Singh 2nd Edition.