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Type:
Educational Exhibit
Keywords:
Haemorrhage, Fistula, Aneurysms, Complications, Ultrasound, CT-Angiography, CT, Vascular, Interventional vascular, Arteries / Aorta
Authors:
J. M. Almeida, N. Antunes, C. Leal, L. Figueiredo; Lisboa/PT
DOI:
10.1594/ecr2017/C-2066
Background
With the increasing number of catheter-based interventional procedures,
the diagnosis of pseudoaneurysms and other complications,
such as hematomas and arteriovenous fistula (AVF),
are becoming more common.
A Pseudoaneurysm is defined as a contained rupture of one or more layers of the arterial walls,
resulting in a sacular dilatation with communication with the arterial lumen by a neck or tract.
It is contained only by the pressure of surrounding tissues.
Rupture leading to catastrophic bleeding is a potential complication.
A number of factors contribute to pseudoaneurysm formation,
such as complexity of the procedure (lengthy procedures,
larger devices,
bigger size of puncture,
and more aggressive anticoagulation),
inadequate compression post-procedure and also patient factors like obesity,
age (>65) and peripheral arterial disease.
The incidence of femoral artery pseudoaneurysms (FAP) after catheterization ranges from 1-8%.