1. Lirng J.
Magnetic Resonance Venography of Intracranial Venous Diseases.
Journal of the Chinese Medical Association.
2010;73(6):289-291.
2. Krayenbuhl H.
Cerebral venous thrombosis: the diagnostic value of cerebral angiography.
Schweiz Arch Neurol Psychiatr.
1954; 74:261–287.
3. Ameri A,
Bousser MG.
Cerebral venous thrombosis.
Neurol Clin.
1992.
Feb;10(1):87-111.
4. Pillai LV,
Ambike DP,
Nirhale S,
Husainy SMK,
Pataskar S,
et al.
Cerebral venous thrombosis: An experience with anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparin.
Indian J Crit Care Med 2005; 9:14-18.
5. Ayanzen RH,
Bird CR,
Keller PJ,
McCully FJ,
Theobald MR,
Heiserman JE.
Cerebral MR venography: normal anatomy and potential diagnostic pitfalls.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.
2000 Jan;21(1):74-8.
6. Surendrababu NR,
Subathira,
Livingstone RS.
Variations in the cerebral venous anatomy and pitfalls in the diagnosis of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: low field MR experience.
Indian J Med Sci.
2006 Apr;60(4):135-42.
7. Delgado Almandoz JE,
Kelly HR,
Schaefer PW,
Lev MH,
Gonzalez RG,
Romero JM.
Prevalence of traumatic dural venous sinus thrombosis in high-risk acute blunt head trauma patients evaluated with multidetector CT venography.
Radiology.
2010 May;255(2):570-7.
8. Guo XB,
Guan S,
Fan Y,
Song LJ.
Local thrombolysis for severe cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.
2012 Jun;33(6):1187-90.
9. Riggeal BD,
Bruce BB,
Saindane AM,
Ridha MA,
Kelly LP,
Newman NJ,
Biousse V.
Clinical course of idiopathic intracranial hypertension with transverse sinus stenosis.
Neurology.
2013 Jan 15;80(3):289-95.
10. Geva T.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Historical Perspective.
Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance.
2006;8(4):573-580.
11. Uddin MA,
Haq TU,
Rafique MZ.
Cerebral venous system anatomy.
J Pak Med Assoc.
2006 Nov;56(11):516-9.
12. Gray H,
Standring S.
The anatomical basis of clinical practice.
Churchill Livingstone; 1858.
13. Sinnatamby C,
Last R.
Last's anatomy.
Edinburgh: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone; 2006,461.
14. Leach JL,
Fortuna RB,
Jones BV,
Gaskill-Shipley MF.
Imaging of cerebral venous thrombosis: current techniques,
spectrum of findings,
and diagnostic pitfalls.
Radiographics.
2006 Oct;26 Suppl 1:S19-41; discussion S42-3.
15. Qureshi AI.
A Classification Scheme for Assessing Recanalization and Collateral Formation following Cerebral Venous Thrombosis.
J Vasc Interv Neurol.
2010 Jan;3(1):1-2.
16. Widjaja E,
Griffiths PD.
Intracranial MR venography in children: normal anatomy and variations.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.
2004 Oct;25(9):1557-62.
17. Isensee C,
Reul J,
Thron A.
Magnetic resonance imaging of thrombosed dural sinuses.
Stroke 1994;25:29-34.
18. Rippe DJ,
Boyko OB,
Spritzer CE,
Meisler WJ,
Dumoulin CL,
Souza SP,
et al.
Demonstration of dural sinus occlusion by the use of MR angiography.
Am J Neuroradiol 1990;11:199-201.
19. Chavhan G.
MRI made easy.
New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2007.
20. Kaufman J,
McCarter D,
Geller S,
Waltman A.
Twodimensional time-of-flight MR angiography of the lower extremities: artifacts and pitfalls.
AJR Am J Roentgenol 1998;171(1):129-135.
21. Miyazaki M,
Lee V.
Nonenhanced MR angiography.
Radiology 2008;248(1):20-43.
22. Tatli S,
Lipton M,
Davison B,
Skorstad R,
Yucel E.
From the RSNA refresher courses: MR imaging of aortic and peripheral vascular disease.
RadioGraphics 2003;23:S59-S78.
23. Morita S,
Masukawa A,
Suzuki K,
Hirata M,
Kojima S,
Ueno E.
Unenhanced MR angiography: techniques and clinical applications in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Radiographics.
2011 Mar-Apr;31(2):E13-33.
24. Poon CS,
Chang JK,
Swarnkar A,
Johnson MH,
Wasenko J.
Radiologic diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis: pictorial review.
AJR Am J Roentgenol.
2007 Dec;189(6 Suppl):S64-75.
25. Majoie CB,
van Straten M,
Venema HW,
den Heeten GJ.
Multisection CT venography of the dural sinuses and cerebral veins by using matched mask bone elimination.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.
2004 May;25(5):787-91.
26. Rodallec MH,
Krainik A,
Feydy A,
Hélias A,
Colombani JM,
Jullès MC,
Marteau V,
Zins M.
Cerebral venous thrombosis and multidetector CT angiography: tips and tricks.
Radiographics.
2006 Oct;26 Suppl 1:S5-18; discussion S42-3.
27. Wetzel SG,
Kirsch E,
Stock KW,
Kolbe M,
Kaim A,
Radue EW.
Cerebral veins: comparative study of CT venography with intraarterial digital subtraction angiography.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.
1999 Feb;20(2):249-55.
28. Liang L,
Korogi Y,
Sugahara T,
Onomichi M,
Shigematsu Y,
Yang D,
Kitajima M,
Hiai ,
Takahashi M.
Evaluation of the intracranial dural sinuses with a 3D contrast-enhanced MP-RAGE sequence: prospective comparison with 2D-TOF MR venography and digital subtraction angiography.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.
2001 Mar;22(3):481-92.
29. Okudera T,
Huang YP,
Ohta T,
Yokota A,
Nakamura Y,
Maehara F,
et al.
Development of posterior fossa dural sinuses,
emissary veins and jugular bulb: Morphological and radiologic study.
Am J Neuroradiol 1994;15:1871-83.
30. Manara R,
Mardari R,
Ermani M,
Severino MS,
Santelli L,
Carollo C.
Transverse dural sinuses: incidence of anatomical variants and flow artefacts with 2D time-of-flight MR venography at 1 Tesla.
Radiol Med.
2010 Mar;115(2):326-38.
31. Alper F,
Kantarci M,
Dane S,
Gumustekin K,
Onbas O,
Durur I.
Importance of anatomical asymmetries of transverse sinuses: an MR venographic study.
Cerebrovasc Dis.
2004;18(3):236-9.
32. Widjaja E,
Griffiths PD.
Intracranial MR venography in children: normal anatomy and variations.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.
2004 Oct;25(9):1557-62.
33. Sharma UK,
Sharma K.
Intracranial MR venography using low-field magnet: normal anatomy and variations in Nepalese population.
JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc.
2012 Apr-Jun;52(186):61-5.
34. Scott JN,
Farb RI.
Imaging and anatomy of the normal intracranial venous system.
Neuroimag Clin North Am 2003;13:1-12.
35. Fukusumi A,
Okudera T,
Takahashi S,
Taoka T,
Sakamoto M,
Nakagawa H,
Takayama K,
Kichikawa K,
Iwasaki S.
Anatomical evaluation of the dural sinuses in the region of the torcular herophili using three dimensional CT venography.
Acad Radiol.
2010 Sep;17(9):1103-11.
36. Huang YP,
Okudera T,
Ohta T,
Robbins A.
Anatomic variations of the dural venous sinuses.
In: Knapp JP,
Schmideck HH,
editors.
The Cerebral Venous System and Its Disorders.
Grune and Stratton: Orlando; 1984.
p.
109-67.
37. San Millán Ruíz D,
Fasel JH,
Gailloud P.
Unilateral hypoplasia of the rostral end of the superior sagittal sinus.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.
2012 Feb;33(2):286-91.
38. Gökçe E,
Pınarbaşılı T,
Acu B,
Fırat MM,
Erkorkmaz Ü.
Torcular Herophili classification and evaluation of dural venous sinus variations using digital subtraction angiography and magnetic resonance venographies.
Surg Radiol Anat.
2014 Aug;36(6):527-36.
39. Tanoue S,
Kiyosue H,
Sagara Y,
Hori Y,
Okahara M,
Kashiwagi J,
Mori H.
Venous structures at the craniocervical junction: anatomical variations evaluated by multidetector row CT.
Br J Radiol.
2010 Oct;83(994):831-40.
40. Ikushima I,
Korogi Y,
Kitajima M,
Yamura M,
Yamashita Y.
Evaluation of drainage patterns of the major anastomotic veins on the lateral surface of the cerebrum using three-dimensional contrast-enhanced MP-RAGE sequence.
Eur J Radiol.
2006 Apr;58(1):96-101.
41. Widjaja E,
Shroff M,
Blaser S,
Laughlin S,
Raybaud C.
2D Time-Of-Flight MR Venography In Neonates: Anatomy And Pitfalls. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2006 Oct;27(9):1913-8.
42. Stam J.
Cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis: incidence and causes in ischemic stroke.
Adv Neurol 2003;92:225–232.
43. Favrole P,
Guichard J,
Crassard I,
Bousser MG,
Chabriat H.
Diffusion-weighted imaging of intravascular clots in cerebral venous thrombosis.
Stroke 2004;35:99–103.
44. Baumgartner RW,
Studer A,
Arnold M,
Georgiadis D.
Recanalisation of cerebral venous thrombosis.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003;74:459– 461.
45. Stolz E,
Trittmacher S,
Rahimi A,
et al.
Influence of recanalization on outcome in dural sinus thrombosis: a prospective study.
Stroke 2004;35:544– 547.
46. Tsai FY,
Wang AM,
Matovich VB,
et al.
MR staging of acute dural sinus thrombosis: correlation with venous pressure measurements and implications for treatment and prognosis.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1995;16:1021–1029.
47. Yoshikawa T,
Abe O,
Tsuchiya K,
et al.
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of dural sinus thrombosis.
Neuroradiology 2002;44:481– 488.
48. Lovblad KO,
Bassetti C,
Schneider J,
Ozdoba C,
Remonda L,
Schroth G.
Diffusion-weighted MRI suggests the coexistence of cytotoxic and vasogenic oedema in a case of deep cerebral venous thrombosis.
Neuroradiology 2000;42:728–731.
49. Bergui M,
Bradac G,
Daniele D.
Brain lesions due to cerebral venous thrombosis do not correlate with sinus involvement.
Neuroradiology 1999;41: 419–424.
50. Bianchi D,
Maeder P,
Bogousslavsky J,
Schnyder P,
Meuli RA.
Diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis with routine magnetic resonance: an update.
Eur Neurol 1998;40:179–190.
51. Soleau SW,
Schmidt R,
Stevens S,
Osborn A,
Mac- Donald JD.
Extensive experience with dural sinus thrombosis.
Neurosurgery 2003;52:534–544.
52. Strupp M,
Covi M,
Seelos K,
Dichgans M,
Brandt T.
Cerebral venous thrombosis: correlation between recanalization and clinical outcome—a long-term follow-up of 40 patients.
J Neurol 2002; 249(8):1123–1124.
53. deVeber G,
Andrew M,
Adams C,
et al.
Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis in children.
N Engl J Med 2001;345(6):417–423.
54. Frey JL,
Muro GJ,
McDougall CG,
Dean BL,
Jahnke HK.
Cerebral venous thrombosis: combined intrathrombus rtPA and intravenous heparin.
Stroke 1999;30:489–494.
55. Khandelwal N,
Agarwal A,
Kochhar R,
Bapuraj J,
Singh P,
Prabhakar S et al.
Comparison of CT Venography with MR Venography in Cerebral Sinovenous Thrombosis.
American Journal of Roentgenology.
2006;187(6):1637-1643.
56. Chiewvit P,
Piyapittayanan S,
Poungvarin N.
Cerebral venous thrombosis: diagnosis dilemma.
Neurol Int.
2011 Nov 29;3(3):e13.
57. Leach JL,
Wolujewicz M,
Strub WM.
Partially recanalized chronic dural sinus thrombosis: findings on MR imaging,
time-of-flight MR venography,
and contrast-enhanced MR venography.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.
2007 Apr;28(4):782-9.
58. Mamourian AC,
Towfighi J.
MR of giant arachnoid granulation,
a normal variant presenting as a mass within the dural venous sinus. AJNR 1995; 16:901–904.
59. Seo E,
Cho Y,
Koo H,
Lim S.
Unusual Intracranial Parasagittal Meningioma Extending into the Internal Jugular Vein through the Sinuses.
Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society.
2008;43(5):250.
60. DiMeco F,
Li K,
Casali C,
Ciceri E,
Giombini S,
Filippini G et al.
Meningiomas Invading the Superior Sagittal Sinus: Surgical Experience in 108 Cases.
Neurosurgery.
2004;:1263-1274.
61. Jones BV,
Ball WS,
Tomsick TA,
Millard J,
Crone KR.
Vein of Galen aneurismal malformation: diagnosis and treatment of 13 children with extended clinical follow-up.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.
2002 Nov-Dec;23(10):1717-24.
62. D L,
Smal J,
Lockhat Z.
MRI imaging of vein of Galen malformations at Steve Biko Academic Hospital: A mini case series.
South African Journal of Radiology.
2011;15(2).
63. Rucker J.
Magnetic resonance angiography source images in carotid cavernous fistulas.
British Journal of Ophthalmology.
2004;88(2):311-311.
64. Coskun O,
Hamon M,
Catroux G,
Gosme L,
Courthéoux P,
Théron J.
Carotid-cavernous fistulas: diagnosis with spiral CT angiography.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.
2000 Apr;21(4):712-6.
65. Hande P,
Talwar I.
Multimodality imaging of the orbit.
Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging.
2012;22(3):227.
66. Hussain S,
Nanda A,
Fowler M,
Ampil F,
Burton G.
Primary Intracranial Leiomyosarcoma: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature.
Sarcoma.
2006;2006:1-3.
67. Dora F,
Zileli T.
Common variations of the lateral and occipital sinuses at the confluens sinuum.
Neuroradiology 1980;20: 23–27.
68. Kageyama Y,
Fukuda K,
Kobayashi S,
et al.
Cerebral vein disorders and postoperative brain damage associated with the pterional approach in aneurysm surgery.
Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 1992;32:733–738
69. Dean BL,
Wallace RC,
Zabramski JM,
Pitt AM,
Bird CR,
Spetzler RF.
Incidence of superficial sylvian vein compromise and postoperative effects on CT imaging after surgical clipping of middle cerebral artery aneurysms.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.
2005 Sep;26(8):2019-26.