Out of total 214 patients,
majority of the patients were males (n=138,
64.5%).
The median age of the patients was 60 (50.75-65.0) years.
The prevalence of DISH was found to be 29.9%.
Gender distribution showed that DISH was 35.5% prevalent in males and 19.7% prevalent in females.
Vertebral fracture was observed in 10 (4.7%) patients.
Out of these 10 patients,
“D12” fracture site was observed in majority of the patients (n=4,
40%),
followed by “L1” in 3 (30%),
whereas “D10”,
“D12 and L1 both” and “multiple” fracture site was observed in 1 (10%) patient each.
Out of 153 (71.5%) patients in whom lumbar spondylolysis was seen,
significant lumbar spondylolysis was observed in 119 (55.6%) patients.
In particular,
KL scoring showed that KL0 was observed in 16 (7.5%),
KL1 in 79 (36.9%),
KL2 in 58 (27.1%),
KL3 in 34 (15.9%) while KL4 in 27 (12.6%) patients.
Pelvic enthesopathy was observed in total of 90 (42.1%) patients.
Out of which,
79 (36.9%) were at the iliac crest,
28 (13.1%) at the greater trochanter,
40 (18.7%) at pubic symphysis,
and 36 (16.9%) were at the ischial tuberosity.
Atherosclerosis was found in 136 (63.6%) patients.
In particular,
Grade 0 was observed in 81 (37.9%) patients,
grade 1 in 58 (27.1%),
grade 2 in 46 (21.5%),
grade 3 in 21 (9.8%),
grade 4 in 7 (3.3%) while grade 5 in 1 (0.5%) patient.
The frequency of DISH as reported by 3 observers were 64 (29.9%),
57 (26.6%) and 56 (26.2%) respectively.
The interobserver agreement ranged from a k value of 0.89 to 0.94,
i.e.
almost perfect agreement.
There was strong positive agreement between observer 1 and 2 (k=0.89,
95% CI 0.82-0.96,
p-value <0.001),
observer 1 and 3 (k=0.91,
95% CI 0.84-0.97,
p-value <0.001) and observer 2 and (k=0.94,
95% CI 0.89-0.99,
p-value <0.001).
(Table 1)
Frequency of DISH mentioned in report was found to be 38 (59.4%).
(Figure 1)
Comparison of DISH with general characteristics have showed significant association with age (p-value 0.003),
gender (p-value 0.016),
enthesopathy (p-value <0.001),
atherosclerosis (p-value 0.026),
diabetes mellitus (DM) (p-value <0.001),
and hypertension (HTN) (p-value <0.001).
(Table 2)
Regression analyses showed that males were 2.46 times (AOR 2.46,
95% CI 1.12-5.38), enthesopathy were 2.48 times (AOR 2.48,
95% CI 1.20-5.13),
atherosclerosis were 1.41 times (AOR 1.41,
95% CI 0.62-3.17),
diabetic patients were 4.85 times (AOR 4.85,
95% CI 2.35-9.99) while hypertensive patients were 3.04 times (AOR 3.04,
95% CI 1.43-6.47) more likely to have DISH in comparison to those who do not have DISH.
(Table 3)