Summary.
MRI protocol included T1,
T2,
FLAIR,
DWI and SWI sequences for all 11 patients out of which post contrast T1 weighted images were available for 7 patients.
10 of these patients presented with cerebral lesions and one of them was imaged post embolization.
1 patient presented with a spinal arterio-venous malformation.
Flow voids,
feeder arteries,
large draining veins,
tangle of blood vessels,
vascular loops and mass effect were some of the major findings that were observed.
Other findings included signal changes and blooming artifacts on the SWI sequence.
Individual Cases.
Fig. 1: Left frontal cerebral arterio-venous malformation: Tangle of blood vessels in the left frontal white matter lateral to the head of caudate nucleus on post contrast T1 weighted sequence.
Fig. 2: Left temporal cerebral arterio-venous malformation: T2 weighted image showing prominent flow void over the left temporal lobe with prominent adjacent arteries and veins.
Fig. 3: Left temporo-occipital lobe arterio-venous malformation: T1 post contrast image showing prominent feeding artery and draining veins in the left temporo-occipital lobe causing mass effect on the left cerebral peduncle.
Fig. 4: Known right temporal arterio-venous malformation: T2 weighted image of post embolization case with residual lesion.
Fig. 5: MRI T2 Weighted and post contrast T1 images showing a round lesion in the right middle cerebellar peduncle with a peripheral hypointense rim and prominent draining veins associated with prominent right transverse and sigmoid sinuses. Innumerable serpiginous vessels are noted in the right temporal lobe and right cerebellar hemisphere - Case of cerebral, brainstem and cerebellar arterio-venous malformation.
References: Radiodiagnosis & Imaging, M. S. Ramaiah Medical College and Hospitals, M. S. Ramaiah Medical Hospital - Bengaluru/IN
Fig. 6: FLAIR and Susceptibility weighted images showing irregular peripherally hyperintense lesion with hypointense blooming artifact and adjoining serpiginous & saccular flow voids in the left temporal lobe - Case of arterio-venous malformation with haematoma.
References: Radiodiagnosis & Imaging, M. S. Ramaiah Medical College and Hospitals, M. S. Ramaiah Medical Hospital - Bengaluru/IN
Fig. 7: Axial FLAIR and T1 post contrast sagittal images showing multiple flow voids (FLAIR) and a tangle of dilated, tortuous enhancing blood vessels in the para-falcine location involving the left parietal lobe - Case of left parietal arterio-venous malformation.
References: Radiodiagnosis & Imaging, M. S. Ramaiah Medical College and Hospitals, M. S. Ramaiah Medical Hospital - Bengaluru/IN
Fig. 8: Multiple large cluster of flow voids seen in the left cerebral hemisphere involving the left thalamo-ganglio-capsular region on axial T2 and FLAIR images. Axial T1 weighted post contrast MIP, coronal and sagittal T1 images demonstrating multiple feeding arteries and large draining veins. Sagittal pre-contrast T1 weighted appearance of the same. Case of left thalamo-ganglio-capsular arterio-venous malformation.
Fig. 9: Axial T2 space sequence showing multiple vascular loops in the posterior subarachnoid space. Sagittal T2 and TIRM images showing cord hyperintensity from D8 to D11 levels - Case of spinal arterio-venous malformation with cord ischaemic myelopathy.