Learning objectives
Identify common radiological features of endometriosis
Reconise unusual disease sites
Understand the treatment-planning role of radiology
Background
Common sites of endometrial deposits are within the pelvis affecting the ovaries,
fallopian tubes,
uterosacral ligaments and pouch of Douglas.Endometriosis can also exist in previous Caesarean-section scars.
Endometriosis presents with a range of symptoms: chronic pelvic pain,
dyspareunia,
dysmenorrhoea and infertility.
The site of endometriotic deposits relates to the presenting symptoms.
For example,
pelvic / abdominal adhesions may cause chronic,
non-cyclical pelvic pain.
Whereas,
endometriotic deposits on uterosacral ligaments can cause dyspareunia.
Bladder and ureteric involvement may cause irritative bladder symptoms,
frequency and suprapubic discomfort....
Findings and procedure details
Ultrasound
Advantages:
No ionising radiation
Quicker and cheaper examination when compared to MR
Dynamic study with real time feedback from patients for areas of concern
Disadvantages:
Limited field of view
Operator dependent
US is readily available and typically the first imaging test in suspected endometriosis.
However,
it requires knowledge and understanding of endometriosis,
to identify disease.
Endometriomas are the most commonly seen manifestation of endometriosis and are seen on US as cysts containing homogeneous low level echoes (Fig. 1).
Endometriomas may be either unilateral or...
Conclusion
Endometriosis is a common disease with significant associated morbidity.
Radiologists and sonographers play a crucial role in the diagnosis.
Ultrasound,
CT and MRI can have important roles the diagnosis of endometriosis due to the wide spectrum of presentations as demonstrated.
We have found that MRI in particular is a very useful tool in pre-operative planning in complex cases involving the urinary and gastrointestinal tract.
It is important to recognise the common imaging features of endometriosis and be aware of the potential areas for endometriotic deposits.
Personal information
D.Valencia - Specialty Registrar,
Radiology,
Addenbrooke's Hospital,
Cambridge,
UK
R.
Wilkins - Sonographer,
Radiology,
Addenbrooke's Hospital,
Cambridge,
UK
J.
Smith - Specialty Registrar,
Radiology,
Addenbrooke's Hospital,
Cambridge,
UK
P.
L.
Moyle - Consultant,
Radiology,
Addenbrooke's Hospital,
Cambridge,
UK
E.
Sala - Consultant,
Radiology,
Addenbrooke's Hospital,
Cambridge,
UK
H.
C.
Addley - Consultant,
Radiology,
Addenbrooke's Hospital,
Cambridge,
UK
S.
Freeman - Consultant,
Radiology,
Addenbrooke's Hospital,
Cambridge,
UK
References
Bazot M,
Bharwani N,
Huchon C et al.European society of urogenital radiology (ESUR) guidelines: MR imaging of pelvic endometriosis.
Eur Radiol 2017;27(7):2765–2775.
Busard M,
van der Houwen L,
Bleeker M,
Pieters van den Bos I,
Cuesta M,
van Kuijk C et al.
Deep infiltrating endometriosis of the bowel: MR imaging as a method to predict muscular invasion.
Abdominal Imaging.
2011;37(4):549-557.
Coutinho A,Bittencourt LK,Pires CEet al..MR imaging in deep pelvic endometriosis: a pictorial essay.RadioGraphics2011;31(2):549–567
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