With this educational exhibit the radiologist and the radiology resident will be able to: Know the diverse etiology of gynecomastia. Differentiate between normal mammography, pseudogynecomastia, and gynecomastia. Learn the mammographic pattern of gynecomastia's phases.

Before puberty, the male and female mammary glands are identical, composed of fibro-fatty tissue and ducts. In children and during puberty, an increase of up to 30 times in serum testosterone levels produces atrophy of these ducts. In girls, estrogen and progesterone stimulate ductal and lobular proliferation, respectively. The adult male breast is composed predominantly of skin and subcutaneous fatty tissue in addition to atrophic ducts and stromal elements. Cooper's ligaments are absent. There may be ductal and stromal pathology (gynecomastia, infiltrating ductal carcinoma, ductal...

Gynecomastia is the most frequent cause of breast related signs or symptoms in men, usually associated with pain. Men present with a palpable abnormality, focal tenderness, or a burning sensation. This male breast pathology is the most common as well. There is frequent confusion between the presence of normal connective tissue and the mild forms of gynecomastia. This may result in unnecessary treatments. The normal male breast The adult male breast is composed predominantly of skin and subcutaneous fatty tissue in addition to atrophic ducts...

The breast imaging radiologist must be trained to confirm the presence or absence of gynecomastia, the error in the diagnosis could lead to unnecessary tests and treatments. It is important to recognize the mammographic phases to let know to the treating doctor if it is reversible or not and prepare an appropriate approach and management.

Rodriguez-Suarez I. Breast imaging Radiologist. Mexican Social Security Institute. Mexico City, Mexico.

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