Learning objectives
To illustrate and discuss the spectrum of appearances of extranodal lymphoma in the abdomen on computed tomography.
Background
Hodgkin disease (HD) and non Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) comprise of 5-6% of all malignancies.
Extranodal lymphoma refers to NHL or HD occurring in sites other than the lymph nodes,
spleen,
thymus,
tonsils,
and Waldeyer ring.[1,3] Extranodal involvement is seen commonly with NHL than HD and there has been a rise in its prevalence due to the pandemic of AIDS and the use of immunosuppressive drugs.[1,2,3]
Extranodal lymphoma accounts for 40% of the cases and can affect virtually every organ of the abdomen.
Spleen,
liver,
gastrointestinal...
Findings and procedure details
In this pictorial essay,
we will illustrate the computed tomographic appearances of extranodal lymphoma in the abdomen including AIDS-related lymphomas and highlight points to differentiate them from its mimics.
We classify extranodal lymphoma according to the site involved into: (a) solid abdominal organs or (b) hollow organs of the gastrointestinal tract(GIT).
Solid organ involvement:
Spleen and liver are the commonly affected organs followed by kidney,
pancreas and adrenal glands.[1,2,3] Lymphomatous involvement of the solid organs may occur as a focal,
multifocal,
or diffuse disease process....
Conclusion
Familiarity with the imaging manifestations that are diagnostically specific for lymphoma is important in improving the diagnostic accuracy and for proper staging,
thus allowing better management.
Personal information
Dr.
Kunal Arora
Senior Resident,
Dr.
DY Patil Hospital and Research Centre,
Navi Mumbai,
India
References
1.
Wai-Kit Lee,
Eddie W.F.
Lau,American Journal of Roentgenology,
2008191:1,198-206
2.
Fajardo L,
Ramin GA,
Penachim TJ et al.,
Abdominal manifestations of extranodal lymphoma: pictorial essay.Radiol Bras.
2016;49(6):397-402.
3.
Adonis Manzella,
Paulo Borba-Filho,
Giuseppe D'Ippolito,
and Marcella Farias,
“Abdominal Manifestations of Lymphoma: Spectrum of Imaging Features,”ISRN Radiology,
vol.
2013,
Article ID 483069,
11 pages,
2013.
4.
Nuno Pinto Leite,
Norbert Kased et al.,
Cross-sectional Imaging of Extranodal Involvement in Abdominopelvic Lymphoproliferative Malignancies RadioGraphics 2007; 27:1613–1634
5.
Marc J.Gollub,
Imaging of Gastrointestinal Lymphoma,
Radiologic Clinics of...