(A) COMPRESSION OF A VASCULAR STRUCTURE
1) Eagle syndrome - Symptomatic elongation of the styloid process or calcified stylohyoid ligament.The syndrome can be divided into two main subtype
- Due to compression of cranial nerves(cranial nerves V, VII, IX and X)
- Due to compression of the carotid artery.
Fig. 1: Eagle syndrome
References: Dr Daniel J Bell and Dr Gagandeep Singh et al.Radiopaedia
2) Thoracic outlet syndrome - Neurovascular syndrome caused by compression of the subclavian vessels and brachial plexus in the narrow thoracic outlet area.
Fig. 2: Thoracic outlet syndrome
References: Ruth Eliahou, Jacob Sosna, Allan I. Bloom.rsna.10.1148/rg.321115011/-/DC1.
3) Nutcracker syndrome - Compression of the left renal vein most commonly between the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and aorta.
Fig. 3: Nutcracker syndrome
References: Ramit Lamba et al . RSNA. 10.1148/rg.341125010
4) Median arcuate ligament syndrome - Compression of celiac artery by the median arcuate ligament of the diaphragm.
Fig. 4: Median arcuate ligament syndrome
References: Ramit Lamba et al . RSNA. 10.1148/rg.341125010
5) Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome - Compression of popliteal artery by medial head of gastrocnemius or less commonly popliteus.
Fig. 5: Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome
References: Ruth Eliahou, Jacob Sosna, Allan I. Bloom.rsna.10.1148/rg.321115011/-/DC1.
6) Quadrilateral space syndrome - Neurovascular compression syndrome involving the posterior humeral circumflex artery and/or the axillary nerve in the quadrilateral space.
Fig. 6: Quadrilateral space syndrome
References: Ruth Eliahou, Jacob Sosna, Allan I. Bloom.rsna.10.1148/rg.321115011/-/DC1.
7) Paget-Schroetter syndrome - Compression of subclavian vein (with resultant thrombosis) in the costoclavicular space.
Fig. 7: Paget-Schroetter syndrome
References: Ruth Eliahou, Jacob Sosna, Allan I. Bloom.rsna.10.1148/rg.321115011/-/DC1.
8) May-Thurner syndrome - Compression of the left common iliac vein by the overlying right common iliac artery .
Fig. 8: May-Thurner syndrome
References: Ramit Lamba et al . RSNA. 10.1148/rg.341125010
(B) COMPRESSION BY A VASCULAR STRUCTURE
1) Neurovascular compression syndromes - Usually caused by arteries that directly contact the cisternal portion of a cranial nerve.The most common neurovascular compression syndromes are trigeminal neuralgia (TN; compression of CN V), hemifacial spasm (HFS; CN VII), vestibulocochlear neuralgia (CN VIII), and glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GN; CN IX)
- Trigeminal Neuralgia- The most common cause of trigeminal neuralgia is a compressing loop of an artery (most commonly the superior cerebellar artery (SCA)) or vein pressing on the trigeminal nerve at the cerebellopontine angle , seen in ~ 95% of patients.
Fig. 9: Trigeminal Neuralgia
References: Donahue, J. H., Ornan, D. A., & Mukherjee, S. Clinics of North America, 55(1), 123–138.10.1016/j.rcl.2016.08.001
- Hemifacial spasm - Characterized by episodic facial spasms due to irritation of the facial nerve (CN VII).
Fig. 10: Hemifacial spasm
References: Donahue, J. H., Ornan, D. A., & Mukherjee, S. Clinics of North America, 55(1), 123–138.10.1016/j.rcl.2016.08.001
- Vestibular paroxysmia - Vascular compression of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII).
Fig. 11: Vestibular Paroxysmia
References: Donahue, J. H., Ornan, D. A., & Mukherjee, S. Clinics of North America, 55(1), 123–138.10.1016/j.rcl.2016.08.001
- Glossopharyngeal neuralgia - Paroxysmal pain syndrome characterized by typical features of intense unilateral pain localizing to the oropharynx, tonsillar fossa, and periauricular region provoked by innocuous stimulation.
Fig. 12: Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia
References: Donahue, J. H., Ornan, D. A., & Mukherjee, S. Clinics of North America, 55(1), 123–138.10.1016/j.rcl.2016.08.001
2) Superior mesenteric artery compression syndrome - Acute angulation of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) results in compression of the third part of the duodenum, leading to obstruction.
Fig. 13: Superior Mesenteric Artery Compression Syndrome
References: Ramit Lamba et al . RSNA. 10.1148/rg.341125010