1. CT and MRI imaging techniques for thoracic vascular disease (Fig.3)

a. Ultra-High-Resolution CT: High Spatial Resolution (Fig.4, Fig.5, Fig.6, Fig.7)
b. 320-row area detector CT: dynamic volume scan (Fig.8, Fig.9, Fig.10)
c. MRI protocol for thoracic disease (Fig.11)

2. Case presentation

a. Coarctation of Aorta: There are aortic constriction complex that causes symptoms from infancy with heart disease and simple aortic constriction without disease. In simple aortic stenosis, a blood pressure difference occurs in the stenosis, resulting in upper body hypertension. Left ventricular hypertrophy / intercostal artery or chest wall artery develops thick. (Fig.12)
b. Racemose hemangioma of bronchial artery: Racemose hemangiomas have characteristic bronchial artery flexion, meandering, and dilation. Secondary hemangioma is presumed to be a condition in which bronchial arteries dilate due to an increase in oxygen demand due to underlying airway changes such as bronchiectasis. (Fig.13)

c. Aneurysm of bronchial artery: BA aneurysm have been observed on fewer than 1% of all selective bronchial arteriograms. CTA reveals relation of aneurysm to large feeding bronchial artery originating from Aorta. (Fig.14)

d. Aneurysm of coronary artery : Coronary aneurysms are abnormal dilations of the coronary arteries. Kawasaki's disease during childhood can lead to coronary aneurysms. (Fig.15)
e. Azygos continuation of IVC: Azygos continuation of the inferior vena cava is an uncommon vascular anomaly and is a cause of a dilated azygos vein. IVC deficiency is one of the rarer congenital malformations, and often involves cardiovascular malformations, visceral dysplasia, and polysplenia. Unless there are no comorbidities, they are often not detected until adults.
Caused by impaired development of the venous system during fetal life.
It is important to identify IVC discontinuity and abnormal dilation of azygous vei. (Fig.16, Fig.17)

f. Pulmonary embolism: She consulted a previous doctor for left chest pain. She has been taking a low-dose female hormone drug (pill: estrogen estrogen and progesterone progesterone) for six months. Pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) were observed by CE-CT. (Fig.18)
g. Swyer-James syndrome: Causes of left and right lung field differences include chest wall abnormalities, increased lung air content, decreased pulmonary blood flow, and Swyer-James syndrome. Swyer-James syndrome is recognized as a disease concept that presents with increased permeability of the unilateral lung on chest X-ray, but is now considered to be a disease that results in increased permeability of the unilateral lung or lobe. The etiology of bronchial disease and pulmonary artery have been proposed. (Fig.19)
h. AVF is an abnormal blood vessel that creates a connection between a PA and a PV. The blood flow from the PA to nidus and nidus to the PV can be displayed by 4D-CTA. (Fig. 20, Fig.21, Fig.22, Fig.23)
i. Solitary peripheral pulmonary aneurysm is a very rare disease. Regarding the causes of solitary peripheral pulmonary aneurysms, 2/3 are idiopathic, 1/3 are secondary, and secondary causes are inflammatory diseases such as Behcet's disease, infection of the pulmonary artery wall, pulmonary tuberculosis, and trauma. CT pulmonary angiogram is the imaging modality for diagnosis. (Fig.24)
j. Pulmonary sequestration refers to the aberrant formation of segmental lung tissue that has no connection with the bronchial tree or pulmonary arteries. 3D-CTA and MRA can be particularly helpful in detecting the abnormal arterial supply. (Fig.25, Fig.26, Fig.27, Fig.28)
k. Anomalous Systemic Arterial Supply to the Basal Segment of the Lung: The disease is characterized by an anomalous systemic arterial supply mainly to the basal segments, which also exhibit pulmonary arterial defects. (Fig.29)