Keywords:
Chronic obstructive airways disease, Diagnostic procedure, Comparative studies, Ultrasound-Colour Doppler, Ultrasound, Respiratory system, Cardiovascular system, Arteries / Aorta, Vascular, Metabolic disorders, Prospective, Observational, Performed at one institution
Authors:
J. M. MUÑOZ OLMEDO, J. TEJELO LABRADOR, A. Friera, P. Rodriguez Carnero, P. Landete, �. González; Madrid/ES
DOI:
10.26044/ecr2020/C-10622
Methods and materials
We conducted a prospective study including 223 patients who visited the sleep and chronic obstructive pulmonay disease (COPD) consultation between May and June 2017.
These patients were divided among COPD as a model of continuous hypoxia, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) as intermittent hypoxia, combination of both as overlap syndrome (OS) and healthy controls.
All of them underwent sleep study and spirometry with bronchodilator test. Then we performed US, looking for atheromatous plaques and measuring the IMT. For this purpose, we employed a 7 MHz probe.
The IMT was measured in both common carotid and common femoral arteries, following standard methodology described in Mannheim consensus. To facilitate analysis we have employed the average IMT value out of three determinations.
We have defined a plaque when two out of this three features were present, as defined in the ARIC study:
- IMT > 1,5 mm
- Protrusion in the lumen of the vessel
- Abnormal texture of the wall of the vessel
The areas studied were the two distal cm of the common carotid arteries and the one proximal cm of the internal carotids Fig. 1 and in the two distal cm of the common femoral arteries and the proximal cm of its bifurcation in superficial and deep femoral artery Fig. 2 .
In all patients we studied the following metabolic comorbidities:
- Obesity
- Diabetes mellitus type II
- Dislipemia
- Hiperuricemia
- Metabolic syndrome
- Non alcoholic fatty liver disease.
We also studied associated the following cardiovascular comorbidities:
- Smoking habit
- Arterial hypertension
- Erectile dysfunction
- Atrial fibrilation
- Heart failure
- Acute myocardial infarction
- Stroke