1. Review the epidemiology, clinical presentations, diagnosis and treatment of sporotrichosis. 2. Describe the imaging features of musculoskeletal sporotrichosis. 3. How to perform a differential diagnosis of sporotrichosis and other conditions.

1. INTRODUCTION Sporotrichosis is a rare, chronic fungal infection caused by Sporothrix species found in soil, animal excreta, and vegetation, of worldwide distribution, most commonly found in tropical and temperate regions (Figure 1). The infection is acquired through traumatic inoculation or by inhalation of conidia. Another well-documented mode of transmission is zoonotic, mainly via cat scratches, and, less often, from armadillos or insect, rodent and dog bites. The classical species S. schenckii is a cosmopolitan pathogen that exhibit moderate virulence in animal models and is...

Routine imaging studies are usually not needed for the diagnosis of cutaneous sporotrichosis, but screening for bone lesions in patients either immunosuppressed or with exuberant skin lesions is important to determine treatment. 1. Radiographs Osteopenia; Osseous erosions; Periarticular erosions indicating chronic synovitis; Joint space narrowing; Joint effusions; Surrounding soft-tissue swelling; Adjacent bone destruction. 2. Ultrasound Joint effusion; Hyperechoic synovial proliferation. 3. Computed Tomography Similar findings to radiographs, with better visualization of joint effusion and osseous erosions; Draining sinus tract to the skin may be identified....

Despite being rare, the osteoarticular form of sporotrichosis is considered the most common extracutaneous manifestation. S. brasiliensis is highly virulent and shows a preponderance of cat-transmitted infection. Culture remains the gold standard and most sensitive method of diagnosis. The main imaging findings are soft-tissue swelling, osteoporosis, synovial hypertrophy, bone erosions and osteomyelitis. Diagnostic delay is related to disease severity requiring longer treatment and may result in long-term sequelae or even death. The differential diagnosis for osteoarticular sporotrichosis includes other atypical infections, rheumatoid arthritis, pigmented villonodular...

E. M. Lima; Rio De Janeiro, RIO DE JANEIRO/BR - nothing to disclose M. N. Chenu; Rio de Janeiro/BR - nothing to disclose V. T. Salzani; Rio de Janeiro, RIO DE JANEIRO/BR - nothing to disclose C. G. C. Chantong; Rio de Janeiro/BR - nothing to disclose A. L. Dutra; Rio de Janeiro/BR - nothing to disclose E. B. G. Dos Santos; RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ/BR - nothing to disclose R. V. de Oliveira; Rio de Janeiro/BR - nothing to disclose H. A. Affonso; Rio...

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