Type:
Educational Exhibit
Keywords:
Neuroradiology brain, Radiographers, MR, Equipment, Education and training
Authors:
U. Poudel1, S. Maharjan1, S. Mukhi2, R. Chaudhary2, S. C. Yadav2; 1Kathmandu/NP, 2Bhairahawa/NP
DOI:
10.26044/ecr2021/C-10566
Learning objectives
The pituitary gland or hypophysis is a pea-sized gland that is located deep within the sella turcica, in the pituitary fossa, at the base of the skull, and deep within the pit of the sphenoid bone [1, 2]. The pituitary gland is referred to as the master gland of the human endocrine system that secretes hormones into the bloodstream and controls virtually all physiological processes, such as metabolism, reproduction, childbirth, growth control, body temperature, and body pressure [3].
Alteration in the shape and size of the pituitary can result in abnormal nervous processes and hormonal behaviours. [4]. For the proper diagnosis and treatment of its pathology, the shape, size and appearance of the pituitary are one of the determining factors [5].
In recent years, there has been rapid progress in the field of neuroimaging. Advanced imaging modalities have completely replaced traditional imaging evaluation methods of the pituitary gland. Before the inception of cross-sectional imaging, namely computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), conventional plain radiographic techniques of the pituitary were used to assess the shape, size and appearance of the sella region [6]. CT scans are an ideal imaging modality for ruling out brain pathologies in an emergency case [7]. However, pituitary lesions often require follow-up scans with contrast scans [8]. Furthermore, CT involves ionizing X-radiation [9].
Hence, MRI is an ideal imaging modality for diagnosing nearly all types of pituitary lesions [10]. For the inspection of the para sellar, sella, and suprasellar lesions, MRI has replaced CT scans and conventional radiography [6]. Specific MRI image acquisition parameters and protocols are utilized for evaluating the pituitary. MRI uses magnetic fields and does not include ionizing X-radiation, such as CT scans and conventional radiography [11]. Therefore, it is much safer than X-ray-based imaging methods. Soft tissue contrast in MRI makes easy structural measurement of the pituitary dimensions [12].
The main aim of this present study was to determine the age- and gender-related changes in the dimensions of the pituitary gland.