Type:
Educational Exhibit
Keywords:
Genital / Reproductive system female, Ultrasound, Ultrasound-Colour Doppler, Intrauterine diagnosis, Congenital
Authors:
N. M. Saloum, R. R. Hussein Yousef, A. A. A. M. Al-Rashid, M. A. M. Qasem; Doha/QA
DOI:
10.26044/ecr2021/C-11415
Background
Cloacal exstrophy is major birth defect characterized by omphalocele, bladder exstrophy, imperforate anus and spinal defects (also referred to as the OEIS complex), and often associated with other malformations.
Cloacal exstrophy (OEIS Complex) is rare but serious congenital abnormality with prevalence of around 1/10,000 births.
Due to the complexity of the Cloacal exstrophy, prenatal diagnosis is difficult, challenging and requires high level of radiologic expertise. Increasing awareness of the full spectrum of cloacal exstrophy should improve prenatal diagnostic accuracy. Early and accurate prenatal diagnosis is crucial for proper pregnancy management, including the mode and timing of the delivery as the parents can decide termination of pregnancy or plan appropriately for postnatal management in less severe cases.
Antenatal Two-Dimensional (2-D) ultrasound plays important rule in early prenatal diagnosis of Cloacal exstrophy, looking for associated anomalies and also plays important rule in the differentiation of Cloacal exstrophy from other forms of abdominal wall defects.
For definitive and differential diagnoses, Three-Dimensional (3-D) ultrasound, color Doppler and fetal Magnetic Resonance (MR) can be also used.
Maternal serum alfa fetoprotein always markedly elevated.