Learning objectives
To present updated classification systems based on functional recovery.
To provide an overview of the most common facial fractures with emphasis in relevant findings for surgical treatment.
To facilitate the diagnosis and standardize the radiological report in facial trauma.
Background
- INTRODUCTION -
The maxillofacial trauma corresponds to all injuries of a traumatic origin that affects the facial components, including bones and soft tissues and the alveolo-dental structures.
Road traffic accident is still the leading cause of facial injuries (40-50%).
The distribution and type of fracture depend on the cause, mechanism, force, and age group. Zygomatic fractures as the most common subtype among midfacial fractures in both children and adults.
These fractures may be isolated or combined with other fractures and injuries including those in...
Findings and procedure details
- CLASSIFICATIONS OF FACIAL FRACTURES -
Standard fracture patterns are classically described by Le Fort. Le Fort’s work was based on low-speed impact and does not completely reflect the breadth of trauma that is encountered in modern medicine.
The AOCMF Classification Group developed a hierarchical three-level CMF classification system with increasing level of complexity and details. They proposed a systematic lecture for each facial division and specifics codes for the report. The AO classification is not widely adopted for now, but it is a promising...
Conclusion
Facial fractures require accurate radiologic diagnosis and early identification of complications to allow prompt surgical management aimed to prevent severe functional debilities and cosmetic deformity.
Systematic lecture and a standardized radiological report are essential to provide meaningful information to surgeons
Personal information and conflict of interest
P. Martin Medina:
Nothing to disclose
L. Koren Fernandez:
Nothing to disclose
A. Rivero:
Nothing to disclose
E. Salvador:
Nothing to disclose
A. Hilario Barrio:
Nothing to disclose
J. M. Millan:
Nothing to disclose
A. Ramos Gonzalez:
Nothing to disclose
References
Gómez Roselló et al. Facial fractures: classification and highlights for a useful report. Insights into Imaging (2020) 11:49. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13244-020-00847-w
Boscà-Ramona A et al. Multidetector computed tomography for facial trauma: Structured reports and key observations for a systematic approach. Radiología. 2019;61:439---452.
Dreizin D et al. Multidetector CT of Midfacial Fractures: Classification Systems, Principles of Reduction, and Common Complications. RadioGraphics 2018; 38:248–274
Buitrago-Téllez C et al. The Comprehensive AOCMF Classification System: Radiological Issues and Systematic Approach. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstruction 2014;7(1):S123–S130
Winegar B et al. Spectrum of Critical...