Keywords:
Osteoporosis, Endocrine disorders, Demineralisation-Bone, Education, MR, CT, Conventional radiography, Musculoskeletal system, Musculoskeletal bone
Authors:
M. F. M. Gago1, E. Bandeira2; 1Lisboa/PT, 2Lisbon/PT
DOI:
10.26044/essr2019/P-0058
Imaging findings OR Procedure Details
Conventional radiology,
namely plain film radiography,
is still the most widely used method to document renal osteodisthrophy abnormalities.
The main imaging findings in this entity result from osteopenia,
osteosclerosis and osteomalacia,
and can be recognized in radiology studies in the appropriate setting.
Besides generalized osteopenia,
a frequently subtle but virtual pathognomonic sign of bone loss is subperiosteal bone resorption along the radial aspect of the middle phalanges of the hand.
It is also important to recognize resorbtion of bone at other sites,
such as subchondral bone resorption,
which may mimic inflamatory arthropathy in many locations.
It is also essential to recognize typical signs such as rugger-jersey spine and salt-and-pepper skull,
which are very specific to hyperparathydoidism.
Brown tumors.
which present as lytic lesions without agressive characteristic,
must always be part of the differential diagnosis in the proper setting.
Looser zones,
a specific feature of osteomalacia,
must be recognized and distinguished from true fractures.
In immature skeletons,
changes such as bone deformities due to osteomalacia / rickets must also be recognized.
Vascular calcifications and para-articular calcinosis are also an important feature to look for.