The purpose of our educational exhibit is to recognize the different complications that can arise after femoral artery catheterization using non-invasive modalities - ultrasound (US) and computer tomographic angiography (Angio-CT) - focusing mainly on pseudoaneurysms. We briefly review the treatment options for femoral artery pseudoaneurysms.

With the increasing number of catheter-based interventional procedures, the diagnosis of pseudoaneurysms and other complications, such as hematomas and arteriovenous fistula (AVF), are becoming more common. A Pseudoaneurysm is defined as a contained rupture of one or more layers of the arterial walls, resulting in a sacular dilatation with communication with the arterial lumen by a neck or tract. It is contained only by the pressure of surrounding tissues. Rupture leading to catastrophic bleeding is a potential complication. A number of factors contribute to pseudoaneurysm...

The presence of pain or swelling in the inguinal region after catheterization is the most common presentation of a FAP. On physical examination, there may be a palpable pulsatile mass or the presence of a systolic bruit. However, these signs are not present in all cases. Any patient with pain that is disproportionate to that expected after a percutaneous procedure should undergo an imaging evaluation. Although conventional angiography remains the standard of reference for diagnosis, its invasiveness made noninvasive diagnostic modalities (US and CT) more...

Noninvasive imaging modalities are crucial for the assessment of local complications after catheterization, such as pseudoaneurysms and AV fistulas, which requires prompt diagnosis and management. Duplex ultrasound is the non-invasive diagnostic method of choice because is noninvasive, accurate and cost-effective. Angio-CT may also be of value. In the treatment of FAP, UGTI has replaced UGCR as the initial treatment in uncomplicated cases in many centres, being associated with higher success rates. Surgical repair of FAP is rare and reserved for complicated cases.

J. M. Almeida,N. Antunes, C. Leal, L. Figueiredo; Lisboa/PT

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