Purpose
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PURPOSE
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is being used increasingly in Europe and worldwide with a continuously expanding range of clinical applications [1-3].
The use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound requires specific contrast programs and settings in high-standard machines.
But the human factor is also determining.
It is of outmost importance that the radiologist has the skills...
Methods and Materials
The content of this presentation is based on the authors´ experience (contrast-enhanced performed routinely in our institution since 2007) [4] and on publications in the scientific literature [5,
6].
Examples of cases performed in our institution are displayed to illustrate and reinforce the explanations.
The contrast ultrasound agent used in our institution is a sulfur-hexafluoride based contrast (SonoVue,
Bracco,
Milan).
It must be considered that the machines used in the authors´ practice are Siemens Sequoia and S2000.
Although most of the recommendations may be extrapolated...
Results
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SECTION 1: BASIC CONCEPTS
The understanding of the basic bubble acoustic properties and their interaction with the sound waves is necessary to explain some of the issues (Fig. 2,
Fig. 3 )
1.1 Microbubbles,
acoustic power and mechanical index.
Microbubbles oscillate in a sound field in a non-linear way.
Listening to the harmonic signal associated to non-linear oscillation,
and suppressing the linear tissue signal permits seeing exclusively...
Conclusion
CONCLUSIONS
Understandingthebasis of CEUS imaging and aquiringtechnical skillswill permit the application of handling of variables and of problem solving to working methods,
whichwill certainly improve the diagnostic performance of CEUS explorations.
New applications,
new technical advances and new contrasts will appear that will demand technical and skill updates in the future.
References
1.
Claudon M,
Cosgrove D,
Albrecht T,
Bolondi L,
Bosio M,
Calliada F,
Correas JM,
Darge K,
Dietrich C,
D'Onofrio M,
Evans DH,
Filice C,
Greiner L,
Jager K,
Jong N,
Leen E,
Lencioni R,
Lindsell D,
Martegani A,
Meairs S,
Nolsoe C,
Piscaglia F,
Ricci P,
Seidel G,
Skjoldbye B,
Solbiati L,
Thorelius L,
Tranquart F,
Weskott HP,
Whittingham T.
Guidelines and good clinical practice recommendations for contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) - update 2008.
Ultraschall Med.
2008; 29:28-44
2.
Piscaglia F,
Nolsoe C,
Dietrich...
Personal Information
Dr.
Teresa Fontanilla
Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda,
Madrid,
Spain
mail:
[email protected]
OTHER CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS:
Dr.
Javier Minaya
Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda,
Madrid,
Spain
Dr.
Rafael Pérez Arangüena
Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda,
Madrid,
Spain
Dr.
Cristina Cortés
Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda,
Madrid,
Spain
Dr.
Ana Alcolado
Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda,
Madrid,
Spain
Dr.
María Miralles
Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda,
Madrid,
Spain