Learning objectives
Owing to the steady uprising of cross sectional imaging over the years,
the importance of conventional techniques has been neglected.
However the use of conventional imaging in the diagnosis of skeletal conditions is still gold standard especially when pathologies involve the skull.
The aim of this poster is to present a comprehensive pictorial review of pediatric skull studies done to evaluate various pathologies.
This poster is targeted to serve as a teaching guide and as a reference in understanding how pathologies can be imaged using...
Background
DEVELOPMENT OF THE SKULL
The skull is divided into two distinct portions: the neurocranium,
which surrounds the brain and special sense organs,
and the viscerocranium,
which forms the lower face and jaws.
The neurocranium is further divided into the membranous neurocranium,
which forms the cranial vault,
and the cartilaginous neurocranium,
which forms the skull base.
In the newborn,
the membranous bones of the vault are separated by the intervening sutures.
Where the sutures intersect,
they widen and assume the shape of fontanelles.
The larger anterior...
Findings and procedure details
CEPHALHEMATOMA
The termcephalohematomasignifies a traumatic subperiosteal hematoma of the calvaria.
Because the cephalohematoma is bounded by the outer layer of the periosteum and the sutures,
it cannot cross the midline.
This restriction distinguishes it from subgaleal hematoma,
which does cross the midline deep to the galeal aponeurosis.
Cephalohematomas occur in approximately 1%–2% of live births,
are almost twice as common in males than in females,
and are more common in children of primiparous mothers.
The incidence increases after forceps extraction.
Cephalohematomas manifest as firm,
tense...
Conclusion
Though the cross sectional imaging has indeed improved the quality of diagnosis,
the role of conventional films in today’s age cannot be overemphasized.
Skull x rays are easy to perform,
use minimal radiation dose,
require minimal positioning and relatively inexpensive; all of which are vital in pediatric radiology.
In fact all of the conditions were accurately diagnosed on this modality and hence unnecessary investigation was completely averted.
Personal information
Dr.
Vivek Pai
Department of Radiology
D.Y.
Patil Hospital and research centre
Navi Mumbai
[email protected]
Dr.Prashant Arora
Department of Radiology
D.Y.
Patil Hospital and research centre
Navi Mumbai
[email protected]
We would like to thank Dr.
Devendra Lokhande for his valuable support and technical knowhow.
References
Development of the Skull, abnormalities of head size and abnormalities of head shape
Williams PL.
Embryology and development.
In: Bannister LH,
Berry MM,
Collins P,
Dyson M,
Dussek JE,
Ferguson MW,
eds.
Gray’s anatomy: the anatomical basis of medicine and surgery.
38th ed.
New York,
NY: Churchill Livingstone,
1995; 271-275.
Flores-Sarnat L.
New insights into craniosynostosis.
Semin Pediatr Neurol 2002; 9:274-291.
Meschan I.
An atlas of anatomy basic to radiology Philadelphia,
Pa: Saunders,
1975; 251-273.
The Skull Xray
Yochum and Rowe: Essentials of Skeletal radiology...