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Type:
Educational Exhibit
Keywords:
Neuroradiology brain, MR, Diagnostic procedure, Education, Congenital
Authors:
G. Adam1, G. I. Kirova1, M. Penkov1, G. G. Nakov2; 1Sofia/BG, 2 Sofia/BG
DOI:
10.1594/ecr2017/C-0496
Background
The corpus callosum (CC) is the most important brain commissure connecting the cerebral hemispheres and facilitating the transfer of sensor,
motor and cognitive information between them.
The callosal maldevelopment is related to impaired brain function and in the great percent of the cases is associated with other brain anomalies.
Thus,
the morphology of the CC is an essential feature that indicates whether or not the brain development is normal [1,
2].
The order and timing of development of the corpus callosum are arguable and new theories exist about this question.
It is widely accepted that the corpus callosum,
the largest brain commissure,
develops between 10th – 20th gestational weeks following specific embryological steps.
Various causes can interrupt this process in different stages (during neuronal/glial proliferation,
axonal growth,
neuronal guidance and migration),
leading to callosal malformations,
associated with particular alterations in the brain structure [3].
As magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the modality of choice for best presentation of callosal maldevelopment,
MR images,
obtained from patients with congenital anomalies of the brain during a five years period,
were retrospectively reviewed and cases with isolated and associated CC malformations were selected [1].
The callosal anatomy,
embryology and main radiological features of the different types of its anomalies are summarised and presented.