Learning objectives
To recognise the common and less common non-malignant causes of calcified mediastinal nodes
To understand and recognise the different lung parenchyma appearances in these causes
To correlate the lung parenchyma and calcified mediastinal nodes appearances to reach a diagnosis.
Background
There are numerous causes of calcified mediastinal nodes.
There are a number of causes which demonstrate lung parenchyma changes in association with the calcified mediastinal nodes.
Frequently,
the recognition of the underlying lung parenchymal changes with the calcified mediastinal nodes can aid the diagnosis of the disease.
This pictorial review aims to demonstrate the causes of calcified mediastinal nodes with the associated lung parenchymal changes of the relevant diseases.
The list is not exhaustive but does demonstrate the main common and uncommon causes of calcified...
Findings and procedure details
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Pulmonary tuberculosis is the manisfestation of pulmonary infection by the organism Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Although mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause infection everywhere within the body,
by far the most commonly affected area are the lungs.
There are 3 manifestations of pulmonary tuberculosis:
primary infection.
post-primary infections
miliary tuberculosis
Computed tomography (CT) is a useful imaging modality in the assessment of pulmonary tuberculosis in the detection and characterisation of subtle localised or disseminated parenchymal disease and mediastinal lymphadenopathy.
Primary tuberculosis:
Lymph node enlargement
o 90% in...
Conclusion
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It is important to be able to correlate different lung parenchymal appearances with calcified mediastinal nodal presentations to come to a definite diagnosis.
This review is not an exhaustive list of the non-malignant causes of calcified mediastinal nodes but it still illustrates some of the pertinent common and uncommon causes.
This pictorial review will hopefully allow a better understanding of the different diseases with associated lung changes.
Personal information
CS Low,
Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust,
Birmingham,
UK
JJV Tan,
Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust,
Birmingham,
UK
TPT Au Yong,
Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust,
Birmingham,
UK
S Hussain,
Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust,
Birmingham,
UK
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