MPI is a radiation-free tomographic imaging technique invented in 2001 and introduced for preclinical use in 20141. MPI combines high spatial resolution and real time capabilities with a frame rate of up to 46 3D image volumes/s. making it a promising tool to guide vascular interventions2,3. One advantage of MPI is the immediate availability of 4D data sets4. This might become a great asset compared with presently used uni- or biplanar digital subtraction angiography. In this work we developed a first 4D visualization approach and...

Selection of case scenarios and development of vascular models Three typical interventional procedures were selected: Detection of an aneurysm, thrombectomy and TACE. Relevant vascular territories (internal carotid artery with aneurysm, middle cerebral artery and proper hepatic artery and branches) were segmented from flat panel CT or MDCT with resolutions (=/< 1mm) using 3D Slicer.5 Final 3D CAD models were manufactured by a stereo lithography laser printer (Form2, Formlabs) with a resolution of 50µm. Image acquisition Models were connected to a flow system, using a water...

Case one: Visualization of an internal carotid aneurysm ( Fig. 2 ) The shape of the aneurysm could be visualized. The neck of the aneurysm is clearly visible in the 3D visualized roadmap but covered by overlaying structures in the standard 2D MIP anterior-posterior projection. Case two: Visualization of the middle cerebral artery ( Fig. 3 ) Spatial and temporal assessment of the bolus was feasible and revealed uniform flow distribution in the depicted area. The generated 3D roadmap permitted accurate characterization of the vessel...

The developed framework allowed for generating a 3D roadmap of the vascular geometry by piecewise image accumulation of the bolus motion. Provided optimized camera positions and the cut-away view routine allowed for faster understanding of complex vascular territories by automatically displaying the straight pathway from the wire tip to the target area without superimposed structures. Real time MPI 3D volume rendering with smart post processing might become a helpful tool for radiation free vascular intervention procedures.

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