Learning objectives
To illustrate the radiological findings of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in various imaging modalities.
To analyze the imaging findings.
To evaluate the role of each imaging technique in the diagnosis and follow-up.
Background
Despite recent advances in imaging and antibiotic therapy,
tuberculosis(TB) continues to be a serious public health problem affecting one third of the world’s population.
In the last decade,
there has been an overall increase in the prevalence of both pulmonary TB and extra-pulmonary presentation,
triggered by several factors,
such as the emergence of multi-resistant strains associated with HIV coinfection,
socioeconomic aspects,
and immigration from endemic countries (particularly Africa,
India,
and southeast Asia).
Osteoarticular involvement is rare,
the dorsal vertebrae being the most affected (Pott’s disease)....
Findings and procedure details
We present a pictorial review of various imaging features of tuberculosis,
using several modalities,
performed in the Radiology Department between March 2012 and March 2018.
We selected exams that document a wide range of different forms of extrapulmonary presentation of tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis: General considerations
Epidemiology:Worldwide problem because of high prevalence increase amongimmunocompromised patients.Causal agent: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (the majority),
but small amount is caused by other Mycobacteria.
Risk factors: Poor socioeconomic status,
poor hygiene,
undernutrition,
use of steroids,immunosuppression,
history of transplant and others risk factors.
Respiratory...
Conclusion
In an adequate clinical context,
a high grade of suspicion can lead to correct Identification of the different patterns of this disease’s presentation.
This is essential in order to perform an early diagnosis and avoid delays in the therapeutic decision,
as well as other complications and potential sequela.
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