Type:
Educational Exhibit
Keywords:
Neuroradiology brain, Neuroradiology spine, MR, Education, Education and training
Authors:
A. Chellathurai; Chennai/IN
DOI:
10.26044/ecr2019/C-3118
Background
Tuberculosis (TB),
caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
accounts for eight million deaths worldwide annually.
Tuberculous involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) is an important and serious type of extra-pulmonary involvement.
Approximately 10% of all patients with tuberculosis have CNS involvement.
However,
its prevalence is greater in immunocompromised patients and is seen in upto 15% of cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related TB.
CNS TB usually results from haematogenous spread (Fig.1,2).
However,
it may result from direct rupture or extension of a sub-pial (beneath the piamater) or subependymal focus (Rich focus).Granulomatous inflammatory reaction in CNS may involve the meninges,
brain,
spinal cord,
and the bones covering the brain and spinal cord.
It may manifest in a variety of forms including parenchymal and leptomeningeal tuberculomas,
abscesses,
cerebritis,
vasculitis,
infarction,
meningitis,
and osteomyelitis.