Type:
Educational Exhibit
Keywords:
Genital / Reproductive system male, Ultrasound, CT, MR, Screening, Diagnostic procedure, Cancer
Authors:
I. N. Santa1, B. A. Baroti2; 1Tirgu -Mures/RO, 2TARGU MURES/RO
DOI:
10.26044/ecr2019/C-3312
Background
Testicular cancer is a highly treatable,
almost always curable if found early,
and is usually curable even when at a later stage,
most often develops in young and middle-aged men.
Testicular neoplasms comprise the most common solid malignancy of affecting males between the ages of 15 and 35,
but only accounts for about 1% of all cancers in men. In boys who have not yet reached puberty,
testicular cancer is uncommon.
The incidence has been increasing worldwide.
Most types of testicular cancer develop in sperm-producing cells known as germ cells and are referred to as germ cell tumors. Germ cell tumors in men can start in several parts of the body,
the testicles,
wich is the most common location.
The two main categories of testicular tumors are germ cell tumors (GCTS),
wich account for 95% of cases and sex cord –stromal tumors. .
For treatment planning,
germ cell tumors are divided into seminomas and nonseminosmas because they have different prognostic and treatment algorithms. Nonseminomas tend to grow and spread more quickly than seminomas.
A testicular tumor that contains both seminoma and nonseminoma cells is treated as a nonseminoma.
The vast majority of patients presents with clinical stage I disease both for nonseminomas or seminomatous histology. The majority of recurrences,
however,
occur within 2 year after diagnosis.
The recurrence has largely been based on two prognostic factors: primary testicular tumour size and the presence or absence of rete testis invasion. Therefore,
in patients having one or both risk factors,
adjuvant treatment has been advocated in order to reduce the risk of relapse.
Better treatments of this group of patients have led to dramatic improvements in disease- free survival.
Amid the germ cell tumors there is also stratification,
according to age with some tumors being more common in some age groups than others: 1 decade testicular teratoma and yolk sac tumor, 2 decade choriocarcinoma 3 decade embryonal cell carcinoma 4 decade seminoma after 7 decade usually non –Hodgkin lymphoma