To improve understanding of normal radiographic anatomy, variants, and alignments of foot and ankle. To provide a systematic approach to conventional radiography of the foot and ankle. To illustrate the key features of usual and unusual pathologies with own-experience images.

Conventional radiography should be considered as the first imaging modality to be performed in patients with ankle and foot disorders, since it may allow to approach diagnosis and address the need for subsequent imaging modalities.

RADIOGRAPHIC ANATOMY AND NORMAL PARAMETERS In this epigraph, we review the most common radiographic projections used to image the foot and ankle. Other complementary projections are infrequently used nowadays and have often been replaced with CT and MRI as the next step. Anteroposterior projection of the ankle Lateral projection of the ankle Calcaneal projection and Böhler angle Dorsoplantar projection of the foot Lateral projection of the foot Medial oblique projection of the foot ANATOMIC VARIANTS AND ACCESORY OSSICLES Many sesamoid bones and accessory ossification centers...

The radiologist should be familiar with the conventional radiograph technique since it can provide useful information and often facilitate a specific diagnosis.

R. Giovanetti González Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo [email protected]

Berquist TH. Imaging of the Foot and Ankle. 3rd. ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2011. ISBN 978-1-60547-572-1. Szendröi M, Sim F. Color Atlas of Clinical Orthopedics. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg; 2009. ISBN 978-3-540-85561-3. Jung HG. Foot and Ankle Disorders: An Illustrated Reference. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg; 2016. ISBN 978-3-642-54492-7. Davies AM, Whitehouse RW, Jenkins JPR. Imaging of the Foot & Ankle: Techniques and applications. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg; 2003. ISBN-13: 978-3-642-63950-0.