Learning objectives
The objective of this review is to remember the clinic and to make known the radiological characteristics of endometrial carcinoma, focusing mainly on the findings by MRI and the latest update of its preoperative staging.
Background
Endometrial carcinoma is the most prevalent gynecological neoplasm in developed countries, being diagnosed more frequently in postmenopause, between 55 and 65 years. Its main risk factors are obesity, age, hormonal alterations, diabetes mellitus, nulliparity, late menopause, endometrial hyperplasia, family and personal history of breast and/or ovarian cancer.
The main symptom that will make us suspect its existence will be an abnormal uterine hemorrhage.
Findings and procedure details
Endometrial cancer is basically divided into two groups according to histology1:
- Type 1: endometrioid adenocarcinoma in its mid-low grades.
- Type 2: formed by clear cell carcinoma, papillary serous and grade 3 endometrioid adenocarcinoma.
The most frequent subtype of all of the above is endometrioid adenocarcinoma (75% of cases), for which there are two types of risk factors, the most predominant being type I or estrogen dependent (85%), which develops from a hyperplasia. Less frequent is type II or non-estrogen dependent (15%), which is...
Conclusion
Since endometrial carcinoma is the most frequent gynecological neoplasm in developed countries, it is important for the radiologist to know how to recognize its manifestations by image on pelvic MRI and remember the presurgical FIGO staging, to establish an adequate diagnosis.
Personal information and conflict of interest
A. Milena Muñoz; Granada/ES - Author at HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO SAN CECILIO I. Garrido Márquez; Granada/ES - Author at HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO SAN CECILIO L. Guirado Isla; Granada/ES - Author at HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO SAN CECILIO V. Jiménez Coronel; Valladolid, VALLADOLID/ES - Author at HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO RÍO HORTEGA P. Pérez Naranjo; Granada/ES - Author at HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO SAN CECILIO L. Díaz Rubia; Granada/ES - Author at HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO SAN CECILIO
References
1. M. Martínez Martínez-Losa, E. Dominguez Franjo, A. M. García Morena, L. Cubillo De Olazabal, A. I. Fernández Martín, R. Galvan Florez. Actualización de la clasificación de la FIGO para la estadificación del cáncer de endometrio: Implicaciones para el radiólogo.SERAM 2014/S-1286. Arganda del Rey (Madrid)/ES.
2. N. Sanchez Rubio, P. Redondo Buil, A. Alvarez Vazquez, R. Menendez de Llano, J. Calvo Blanco, L. Hernández Luyando. Carcinoma de endometrio: estadiaje por RM. SERAM 2012/S-0323. Oviedo/ES.
3. A. Iglesias Castañón, M. Arias González, M. Herreros Villaraviz, M....