To review the basic CT and MRI protocols needed in evaluation of renal masses To discuss some pitfalls in renal mass evaluation and how to avoid them To describe, illustrate and discuss different imaging appearances of different entities that can mimic renal cell malignancy - a case base review

The great majority of renal masses are found incidentally as a result of the use of computed tomography (CT), ultrasonography (US), or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Most of these are simple renal cysts that can be easily diagnosed and do not require treatment. However, solid and complex cystic renal masses are also discovered and the proper characterization of these is essential so that appropriate management is instituted. The accurate diagnosis of a renal mass is dependent on many factors, including the clinical history, the nature...

Renal Carcinoma Mimics→A diagnosis problem *Normal anatomical variants in the kidney can mimic renal masses *We cannot always distinguish benign tumors from cancers *Diagnostic errors and unnecessary biopsy or nephrectomy in some conditions *Many benign tumor are resected… *Imaging and biopsy not fully utilized when a mass suspected of being cancer is detected… *Radiologist’s goals → Detection + Imaging Features and Differential Diagnosis + Recommendations = Management → Follow-up The steps in the differentiation of a renal lesion on CT/MRI are: Step 1: Know clinical...

A thorough knowledge of the congenital anomalies, imaging findings of renal malignancy mimickers and their correct description in radiological reports (especially kidney location, number and origin of arterial supplies, and ureteral malformations) is vital to clinical practice CT is accurate for the characterization of renal masses and offers several advantages over MRI as the first-line imaging technique for imaging of indeterminate renal lesions Interpretive and technical pitfalls of CT are common in renal mass imaging and important to recognize as they may result in errors...

C. G. Moldovanu; Cluj/RO - nothing to disclose B. Petresc; Cluj, CLUJ/RO - nothing to disclose A. Lebovici; Cluj/RO - nothing to disclose

1.S. Krishna, C.A. Murray, M.D. McInnes, R. Chatelain, M. Siddaiah, O. Al-Dandan, S. Narayanasamy, N. Schieda. CT imaging of solid renal masses: pitfalls and solutions. Clinical Radiology 72 (2017) 708- 721 2.Israel GM, Bosniak MA. How I do it: evaluating renal masses. Radiology 2005; 236: 441–450 3.Abdulla C, Kalra MK, Saini S, et al. Pseudoenhancement of simulated renal cysts in a phantom using different multidetector CT scanners. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2002; 179: 1473–1476 4.Zagoria RJ. Imaging of small renal masses: a medical success story....