Learning objectives
Imaging review of different scrotal pathologies with emphasis on Ultrasound technique and MRI protocols and findings.
Emphasis on the differentiation of benign and malignant causes of scrotal swelling based on imaging features.
Background
Ultrasonography (US) is the imaging modality of choice for scrotal pathologies. Ultrasound can divide the scrotal swellings into either intra-testicular or extra-testicular. This division is essential because most of the intra-testicular solid lesions are malignant. The acutely presenting cases often need immediate imaging and confirmation of the diagnosis that may warrant immediate surgical intervention. The acute presentation is due to a wide range of conditions, including infection, traumatic, and vascular pathologies. Infectious scrotal pathologies include acute epididymitis, orchitis, testicular abscess, scrotal pyocele, and rarely Fournier...
Findings and procedure details
Imaging modalities and protocols
Ultrasound is the primary imaging modality for the diagnosis of scrotal pathologies. MRI is also useful for differentiating benign and malignant lesions. The main focus of this article is ultrasound, and we have elaborated with other imaging modalities, wherever needed.
Scrotal Ultrasound technique
Scrotal ultrasound is usually performed with a straight high-frequency probe. Color Doppler imaging can provide a good overview of vascularity, but it has some limitations.
Intra-testicular scrotal pathologies
Epididymo-orchitis
It is the swelling of epididymis and testes. On...
Conclusion
Scrotal ultrasound is of utmost importance for acute pathologies.
MRI has a unique role in making a definite diagnosis; however, it requires optimal protocol, knowledge of imaging findings, and the expertise to make an accurate diagnosis.
Personal information and conflict of interest
A. Yousaf; Doha, AL SADD DOHA/QA - nothing to disclose S. Sajid; Doha/QA - nothing to disclose M. L. M. Hussein; Doha/QA - nothing to disclose A. A. H. Darweesh; Doha/QA - nothing to disclose
References
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